Knee joint arthrosis (gonarthrosis, osteoarthritis) is the deformation and destruction of cartilage, which is accompanied by pain.This condition can lead to a loss of functionality and even deficiency.The disease most often affects women over 40, especially prone to fullness.At an early age, arthrosis occurs due to injuries received during the sport or physical work.The disease can be one or bilateral if both legs are affected.It is necessary to treat pathology broadly.
The reasons for development
There are two forms of knee joint arthrosis, depending on the causes of the disease:
- primary;
- Secondary.
The primary form develops in childhood and is associated with the inadequate formation of ligaments or joints, which are even more deformed during physical activity.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| Reasons | Description |
| Wound | Fractures, displacements, damage to the meniscus.These are these factors that contribute to the development of arthrosis at an early age.In the presence of injuries, it is impossible to bend and bend the limb.The treatment consists of the temporary fixation of the leg, which worsens the process of blood circulation.This becomes the reason for arthrosis formation.When a meniscus is removed, diseases develop in 9 of 10 cases |
| Increased loads | They must correspond to the age of a person.With excessive loads, microtrauma and stretching occur, which are not always felt, but cause significant damage to the condition of the joints.All movements during the sport must be soft.Knee joints are more impressed during race and squats |
| Overweight | This factor causes damage to the meniscus.In the middle of people, the restoration of the knee joint occurs longer, as the additional load of overweight is accurate in the knees.The severe form of arthrosis due to obesity arises in conjunction with varicose veins |
| The weakness of the ligament apparatus | This condition is more often combined with called mobile joints.In this case, a person has a flexible body and can sit in the string without a hot -up, which leads to the microtrauma and then to arthrosis, if there is more damage.Joint mobility can also be associated with impaired leg sensitivity, so that a person does not feel damage to damage |
| Joint diseases | Arthrosis usually occurs in the presence of arthritis (rheumatoid, reactive or psoriatic).In this case, there is the accumulation of synovial fluid in the joint cavity, which leads to the destruction of the tissue and arthrosis |
| Violation of metabolic processes | If tissue disorders occur, do not receive the necessary minerals and substances.Calcium deficiency negatively affects cartilage condition.This condition also leads to the deposition of salt |
| Stress | With constant nervous stress and mood swings, the deterioration of blood circulation occurs in the legs, the occurrence of swelling and inflammation |
The disease can occur in a form of one (right or left or left) or bilateral:
- The injury is the cause of arthrosis read;
- Obesity - Bilateral.
Symptoms
The symptoms of knee joint arthrosis differ depending on the stage of the disease.The classic order of its occurrence is described in the table:
| Symptom | Description |
| Creation joints and clicks | This symptom usually remains unnoticed, although the crisis indicates the beginning of the process.To determine your presence, you should put your hand on the knee glass and bend slowly and open the knee.Crispy or clicks are very easy |
| Pain | At the beginning of degenerative changes, it is almost not noticeable and intensifies after static loads (weight lifting).The dynamic load, on the contrary, improves cartilage nutrition.Pain is associated with exposure of nerve endings by erasing the cartilage tissue.With the progression of the disease, the pain intensifies, since the inflammatory process and edema occurred additionally.The development of pronounced inflammation is to signal the pain that appears even at rest |
| Movers Station | This condition usually occurs after night's sleep and lasts 30-60 minutes.The fibrin film is formed during joint inaction and after sleep mechanically prevents its movement until it is partially erased.The rigidity of movements that lasts more than an hour indicates another disease |
| Reducing the amplitude of the movements | He manifests himself in the impossibility of bending his leg in his knee until the end.The patient, striving to minimize pain, tries to move the foot less.Ligaments are adjusted for a small volume of movements over time and shorten |
| Increase in joint volume | It occurs due to the swelling of the soft tissues that surround the joint, and the peak -shaped growth along its edge, which, with the progression of the disease, merge into a single matrix |
| Joint joins in a position | In this case, the joint is blocked in a given position and with any displacement causes pain.This is due to changes in the joint surface, in which internal ligaments go beyond the natural bones of bones, which leads to their stretching.The joint is fixed in a certain position and may return to the initial only with the reverse ligament ligament.In rare cases, interruption occurs due to foreign bodies (eg, parts of the meniscus) in the joint gap |
| Dislocation and subluxation | These conditions are found with advanced arthrosis.With a dislocation, the leg axle changes to the side, and inserting the joint is quite difficult.Subluxation is associated with partial displacement of the joint surface in relation to the normal position.In this case, the pain is pronounced, but the diversion of the leg towards the light |
Degree and type of disease
There are 3 degrees of diseases that depend on the severity of symptoms.
First
The arthrosis of the 1st degree proceeds almost asymptomatic.In this case, they are characterized by:
- fatigue in the legs;
- a little pain after the resting load;
- Light decrease in mobility after sleep;
- Rarely - the accumulation of synovial fluid, which leads to the formation of a baker's cyst;
Externally, joint deformation is not noticeable.In X -rays, the disease is not visible or small irregularities manifest themselves in the tissue of the cartilage and the bone surface.Additional studies are required without failure.
Second
Symptoms in this case will be more pronounced:
- The pain occurs from the minimum load, but after rest it passes;
- A crisis occurs during the movement;
- It is impossible to bend the leg;
- The bones of joint change;
- Synovitis progresses;
- The form of changes in the joint, which is associated with fluid accumulation.
At the x root, bone growth is noticeable.
The third
For the arthrosis of the third degree, the characteristic resources are:
- pain that is not related to the load (the joint bothers even at night);
- totally disturbed mobility;
- Articulation sensitivity to change in the climate.
Radiography shows changes in cartilage and joint surface.The curvature of the legs leads to deficiency.
Deforming arthrosis (DOA) is caused by the deposition of bones.Most of the time, overweight women suffer from them.The main symptoms are acute pain and articulation crispness.Treatment should be started even in the early stages - in this case, the chance of preserving the cartilage tissue is quite high.
Depending on the location, arthrosis can be:
- knee;
- hip (cOKSARROSIS);
- cervical;
- shoulder;
- Fill;
- ankle;
- vertebrates.
Comprehensive treatment
The therapy of this disease is quite long.In medicine, there are three main stages of treatment, depending on the degree of disease:
| The degree of arthrosis | Therapeutic measures |
| 1 |
|
| 2nd |
|
| 3rd |
|
Medication
The medication is based on 3 groups of medicines:
- Non -esteroid anti -inflammatory drugs.
- Glicosteroids.
- Condropoprotectors.
Aine
This is a group of medicines that have an anti -inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect.They are divided into two groups:
- Not elegant.The anti -inflammatory effect of the drug manifests itself in all body tissues, including healthy ones.
- Selective.Act directly on the focus of inflammation.
The most common side effect of these drugs is the formation of ulcers and the erosion of the stomach and the intestine of 12 periods.In addition, it is recommended to receive funds to protect the mucosa.At the same time, local NSAIDs do not cause negative consequences so that they can be used for a long time.
To achieve rapid relief from anti -inflammatory pain and effect, intramuscular injections with NSAIDs are prescribed.
Glucocosteroids
These medications are prescribed if the effect of NSAIDs is insufficient.
Hormonal compounds for arthrosis are used only local - in the form of intraarticular ointments or injections.Glycocosteroid ointments cannot be used for more than 7 to 10 days in a row.A longer course leads to skin atrophy at the application site.
Intra -articular injections are required when analgesics and anti -inflammatory effects of NSAE and hormone ointment are not enough.
The effect of joint injections occurs rapidly: the patient feels relief in the first half an hour.The duration of the injection depends on how long the medicine will take in the joint cavity.This is influenced by two factors - the volume of the administered drug and its consumption.The stronger the damage to cartilage, the more the medicine is consumed.
Chondoprotectors
The mechanism of action of this group of drugs is based on the delivery of substances needed for its restoration to joint cartilage.During the therapy with chondroprotectors:
- There is no anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect;
- The therapeutic effect occurs gradually;
- It turns out that prevention is due to the prevention of additional cartilage destruction.
These medications include substances that form joint cartilage:
- the cartilage construction substance, necessary to maintain its structure;
- The basis for intra -articular fluid production.
It is necessary to take drugs for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy of arthrosis is a method of physical influence, which has a beneficial effect in the state of knee joint.The main condition for achieving a positive result is the correct choice of the necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is just an auxiliary tool.
The table describes the procedures used for knee joint arthrosis:
| Name | Effect | The duration of treatment |
| Electrophoresis using medicines | Under the influence of direct electric current, some medications can be delivered to the deep tissue of the joint.Chlorine anesthetics and medicines are more often prescribed | Half an hour every day for 2 weeks |
| Ultraphonophoresis | Using ultraviolet waves, the active substances of medicines penetrate deeply on the tissue.Hormonal, anti -inflammatory and painkillers are used together | No more than 10 minutes per day for 10 to 14 days |
| Laser radiation | Under the influence of the mild radiation package, specific molecules are activated, contributing to the restoration of metabolic processes and regeneration in the tissue | 7-10 minutes per day for 2 weeks |
| Infrared radiation | Deep warming of tissues occurs as a result of which substances are formed that begin recovery reactions in the joint | 10 minutes.The course of treatment - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetotherapy | Under the influence of a high frequency magnetic field, changes in cells and tissues occur - membranes are strengthened, metabolic processes are normalized | By Articulation - 5-8 minutes for 7 days |
| Local Cryotherapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (a cold air flow to -30 degrees), there is an increase in the functions of all basic systems, which stimulates the restoration of tissues | 10 minutes per joint for 10 days |
Some methods, when inadequate appointment, may aggravate the condition of knee joint.
Surgical intervention
The medical treatment method is aimed at maximum delay when the only way of therapy is the replacement of sick joint by an artificial.Most of the time, this decision is made in the last stage of arthrosis.
The main methods of surgical intervention are:
- Arthroscopy.A special needle is introduced through puncture, which removes bone growths that cause pain, as well as cartilage and fragments.
- Prostheses.In this case, the damaged joint is removed and replaced by an artificial.Modern prostheses are rarely rejected by the body.
Exercise therapy
A set of osteoarthritis exercises helps restore joint function and strengthen it.They must be performed slowly so as not to stretch the ligaments.
Description:
- Lying in the stomach, slowly lift your legs alternately until a right corner is formed.The main emphasis is on the hips and leg muscles.Stress on the back should not be allowed.
- Lying in the stomach, lift the straight legs as much as possible.In this position, reduce and reproduce them alternately.This exercise is not suitable for everyone, since the trained press muscles are needed.It is not recommended to execute it to people with high blood pressure.
- Lying sideways, bend the leg that is located below.Raise the top of the top and remain for a few seconds at the upper point.
- Go up to the socks, holding the back of the chair.Stay at the top while stretching the leg muscles.
- Gently move one leg from the heel to the foot.The other foot is to perform the opposite action - from the foot to heel.
- Rinse in the back of the chair and stay in the heels, raising socks, gradually increasing the time.
- Standing, rub your legs energetically toward the knee to the thigh.
Diet
There is no special diet for arthrosis.Power correction aims to reduce body weight, reduce the inflammatory process and strengthen joint structures.
The diet should be balanced with a high content of vitamins and minerals.
Basic Principles:
- Restriction of salt consumption (up to 5-8 g per day) and any salty products (canned foods, chips, saliosos).
- Exclusion of fried dishes.It is recommended to bake food, boil, cook or steam.
- Increased fluid consumption (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day).
- Transition to fractional nutrition.
- Daily use of 2-3 fruits.
It is recommended to use the following dishes:
- fish and seafood;
- nuts;
- Sunflower, olive and flaxseed oil;
- Low fat meat and chicken;
- Fresh fruits and fruits;
- Vegetables - Beet, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- brown bread;
- Milk and dairy products.
Folkloric methods
Before using popular medicines, it is recommended to clarify the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes are described in the table:
| Ingredients | Application method |
| Urtiga leaves and juniper berries in an equal quantity, honey in a proportion of 1: 3 |
|
| Roots, Flowers or Black Branches |
|
| Folha Bay - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Mustard and dry honey (2 tablespoons), egg |
|
| Cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, Calêndula, Bardana in equal quantities, Petroleum Vaseline |
|
Knee joint arthrosis is a serious disease that cannot be completely healed.If the first symptoms occurs, it is recommended to consult a doctor and follow all your recommendations not to bring the disease to the last stage.